LegalConsumer.com Bankruptcy Research Notes - Beta 0.08 - (1300+ cases & articles, and counting...)

Topics:

Keywords: means test . income . CMI .

Topic #15:: Income: CMI six-month window: When is income "received?" When earned? When paid?

  • Topic Overview
  • 15 Cases on This Topic
  • ?

Means Test > Income > CMI six month window

Income: CMI six-month window: When is income "received?" When earned? When paid?

15 Cases , IssueID 15

Ch 7 Means Test
Form 22A, Line 03
Ch 13 Means Test
Form 22C Line 02

Topic Description:

Current Monthly Income
New subsection 10A of § 101 defines "current monthly income" as the average monthly income received by the debtor from all sources during the six calendar months preceding the filing. (The six-month period ends on the last day of the calendar month preceding the filing. )

"Current monthly income" includes amounts regularly paid by other entities to defray the debtor's household expenses. Therefore, child support receipts are included as income without reference to their treatment by the Internal Revenue Code.
"Current monthly income" does not include payments received under the Social Security Act, payments to victims of war crimes or crimes against humanity, or payments to terrorism victims.
The debtor's current monthly income is no longer a snapshot of income on the date of the commencement of the case. Because it is an average of the debtor's income over the previous six calendar months, interesting anomalies may occur. For example, debtors who experience a dramatic reduction of income immediately prior to filing may fail the means test because their higher income is included in the calculation. In such instances the debtors would be required to show "special circumstances," like the loss of the higher paying job, to rebut the presumption of abuse. (Section 707(b)(2)(B)(i) requires the debtor to show "special circumstances" justifying a reduction of income or additional expenses in order to rebut the presumption of abuse. )

In Chapter 13 Cases
"Under the law predating BAPCPA, a chapter 13 plan may not be confirmed over the objection of the trustee or an unsecured creditor unless the debtor either pays unsecured creditors in full or devotes all "projected disposable income" to the plan for at least three years. Section 1325(b).
BAPCPA makes several important changes in the calculation of disposable income,

If the debtor's annualized current monthly income is larger than the State's median, allowable expenses are determined as provided by the means test under § 707(b)(2).
Conversely, if the debtor's annualized current monthly income is smaller than the State's median, then allowable expenses are those that are reasonably necessary for the maintenance and support of the debtor and the debtor's dependents without reference to § 707(b)(2)importing for some purposes the provisions of 11 U.S.C. § 707(b)(2) allowances and calculations.

Finally, the BAPCPA introduces a new term in § 1325(b)(1)(B): "applicable commitment period." If the annualized current monthly income of the debtor and the debtor's spouse is above the State median, the debtor must pay all disposable income into the plan for a five-year period. However, if the annualized current monthly income of the debtor and the debtor's spouse is below the State median, the debtor must pay all disposable income into the plan for only three years. "
http://www.almb.uscourts.gov/BankruptcyReformImplementation/means_test_dhw.pdf

Lines of Cases:

A:

when it is derived within six month window

B::

when it comes under debtor’s control (received) OR derived within six month window

C:

must both be derived AND in debtor's control (received) in six month period

D:

measurement of six-month period

E:

"Everything else..."

  • Type A = when it is derived within six month window
  • Type B =
  • Type C = must both be derived AND in debtor's control (received) in six month period
  • Type D = measurement of six-month period
  • Type E = "Everything Else"
  • Cases for Zip
  • All Cases By Date
  • Cases A - Z

Cases for Zip , California Northern District Bankruptcy Court

Ninth Circuit Cases

� In re Featherston

Bankr.D.Mont. - Case No. 07-60296 - 2007-09-28 - 13 , Above

Google ID#:
(Type E : )

Other Circuits

� In re Dittmar

10th Cir. - 618 F.3d 1199 - 2010-09-14 - ,

Google ID#: 527111693523642672
(Type A : when it is derived within six month window )

Stock rights paid out in post-petition IPO may be included if earned pre-petition.

� In re Graves

10th Cir. - 609 F.3d 1153 - 2010-06-29 - ,

Google ID#: 12649558079816388527
(Type : )

income tax refunds are property of the estate to the extent they are attributable to prepetition income

� In re Burrell

Bankr.C.D.Illinois - 399 B.R. 620 - 2008-12-11 - 13 ,

Google ID#: 10300179503322631893
(Type : )

Cash advances as current income. Court found that income is that which is "received" during six month period regardless of when it is "derived".

� In re Burrell

Bankr. C.D. Ill. - 399 B.R. 620 - 2008-12-11 - 13 ,

Google ID#: 10300179503322631893
(Type B : when it comes under debtor’s control (received) OR derived within six month window )

� In re Bernard

Bankr. D. Mass. - 397 B.R. 605 - 2008-11-20 - 7 ,

Google ID#: 7459163692483552917
(Type A : when it is derived within six month window )

� In re Shelor

Bankr. M.D.N.C. - No. 08-80738C-13D - 2008-09-23 - ,

Google ID#: 262017664186677205
(Type D : measurement of six-month period )

The six-month period under Sec 101(10A)(A)(ii) is measured back from the date of the hearing at which determination of current income is made and not some period chosen in the abstract.

� In re Zahn

8th Cir. BAP - 391 B.R.840 - 2008-08-14 - 13 ,

Google ID#: 16622334845024469744
(Type B : when it comes under debtor’s control (received) OR derived within six month window )

� In re Cruz

Bankr. E.D. Wis. - 2008 WL 3346583 - 2008-08-11 - ,

Google ID#: 10300179503322631893
(Type B : when it comes under debtor’s control (received) OR derived within six month window )

(annual bonus received within six months of the petition may not be prorated over twelve month period

� In re Curcio

Bankr. N.D. Fla. - 387 B.R. 278 - 2008-04-22 - ,

Google ID#: 6600767745657756460
(Type C : must both be derived AND in debtor's control (received) in six month period )

� Simon v. Zittel (In re Zittel)

Bankr. S.D. Ill. - 2008 WL 750346 - 2008-03-19 - ,

Google ID#: 6109036990748185140
(Type B : when it comes under debtor’s control (received) OR derived within six month window )

(annual bonus received within six months of the petition may not be prorated over twelve month period

� In re Sanchez

Bankr.W.D.Mo. - 2006 WL 2038616 - 2006-07-13 - 13 , Above

Google ID#: 4463196841896265883
(Type B : when it comes under debtor’s control (received) OR derived within six month window )

(Debtor held to have received income from premature distributions from 401k when withdrawn from the retirement account

� In re Risher

Bankr.W.D.Ky - 344 BR 833 - 2006-07-12 - 13 , Above

Google ID#: 5125688705891922177
(Type : )

� In re Wayman

Bankr.E.D.Tex. - 351 B.R. 808 - 2005-06-28 - ,

Google ID#: 10676123055819019334
(Type C : must both be derived AND in debtor's control (received) in six month period )

� In re Cruz

Bankr. E.D. Wis. - - - 13 ,

Google ID#:
(Type B : when it comes under debtor’s control (received) OR derived within six month window )

The court found that an annual bonus was received within the 6 months pre-petition, so it was rightfully fully included in CMI (not prorated over the year).

"Whether income is included in CMI is determined by when the debtor receives funds, not when they are earned."

� In re Dittmar

10th Cir. - 618 F.3d 1199 - 2010-09-14 - ,

Google ID#: 527111693523642672
(Type A : when it is derived within six month window )

Stock rights paid out in post-petition IPO may be included if earned pre-petition.

� In re Graves

10th Cir. - 609 F.3d 1153 - 2010-06-29 - ,

Google ID#: 12649558079816388527
(Type : )

income tax refunds are property of the estate to the extent they are attributable to prepetition income

� In re Burrell

Bankr.C.D.Illinois - 399 B.R. 620 - 2008-12-11 - 13 ,

Google ID#: 10300179503322631893
(Type : )

Cash advances as current income. Court found that income is that which is "received" during six month period regardless of when it is "derived".

� In re Burrell

Bankr. C.D. Ill. - 399 B.R. 620 - 2008-12-11 - 13 ,

Google ID#: 10300179503322631893
(Type B : when it comes under debtor’s control (received) OR derived within six month window )

� In re Bernard

Bankr. D. Mass. - 397 B.R. 605 - 2008-11-20 - 7 ,

Google ID#: 7459163692483552917
(Type A : when it is derived within six month window )

� In re Shelor

Bankr. M.D.N.C. - No. 08-80738C-13D - 2008-09-23 - ,

Google ID#: 262017664186677205
(Type D : measurement of six-month period )

The six-month period under Sec 101(10A)(A)(ii) is measured back from the date of the hearing at which determination of current income is made and not some period chosen in the abstract.

� In re Zahn

8th Cir. BAP - 391 B.R.840 - 2008-08-14 - 13 ,

Google ID#: 16622334845024469744
(Type B : when it comes under debtor’s control (received) OR derived within six month window )

� In re Cruz

Bankr. E.D. Wis. - 2008 WL 3346583 - 2008-08-11 - ,

Google ID#: 10300179503322631893
(Type B : when it comes under debtor’s control (received) OR derived within six month window )

(annual bonus received within six months of the petition may not be prorated over twelve month period

� In re Curcio

Bankr. N.D. Fla. - 387 B.R. 278 - 2008-04-22 - ,

Google ID#: 6600767745657756460
(Type C : must both be derived AND in debtor's control (received) in six month period )

� Simon v. Zittel (In re Zittel)

Bankr. S.D. Ill. - 2008 WL 750346 - 2008-03-19 - ,

Google ID#: 6109036990748185140
(Type B : when it comes under debtor’s control (received) OR derived within six month window )

(annual bonus received within six months of the petition may not be prorated over twelve month period

� In re Featherston

Bankr.D.Mont. - Case No. 07-60296 - 2007-09-28 - 13 , Above

Google ID#:
(Type E : )

� In re Sanchez

Bankr.W.D.Mo. - 2006 WL 2038616 - 2006-07-13 - 13 , Above

Google ID#: 4463196841896265883
(Type B : when it comes under debtor’s control (received) OR derived within six month window )

(Debtor held to have received income from premature distributions from 401k when withdrawn from the retirement account

� In re Risher

Bankr.W.D.Ky - 344 BR 833 - 2006-07-12 - 13 , Above

Google ID#: 5125688705891922177
(Type : )

� In re Wayman

Bankr.E.D.Tex. - 351 B.R. 808 - 2005-06-28 - ,

Google ID#: 10676123055819019334
(Type C : must both be derived AND in debtor's control (received) in six month period )

� In re Cruz

Bankr. E.D. Wis. - - - 13 ,

Google ID#:
(Type B : when it comes under debtor’s control (received) OR derived within six month window )

The court found that an annual bonus was received within the 6 months pre-petition, so it was rightfully fully included in CMI (not prorated over the year).

"Whether income is included in CMI is determined by when the debtor receives funds, not when they are earned."

All Cases A to Z

  • In re Bernard, 397 B.R. 605 , (Bankr. D. Mass. ) 2008-11-20, #7459163692483552917
  • In re Burrell, 399 B.R. 620 , (Bankr.C.D.Illinois ) 2008-12-11, #10300179503322631893
  • In re Burrell, 399 B.R. 620 , (Bankr. C.D. Ill. ) 2008-12-11, #10300179503322631893
  • In re Cruz, 2008 WL 3346583 , (Bankr. E.D. Wis. ) 2008-08-11, #10300179503322631893
  • In re Cruz, , (Bankr. E.D. Wis. ) , #
  • In re Curcio, 387 B.R. 278 , (Bankr. N.D. Fla. ) 2008-04-22, #6600767745657756460
  • In re Dittmar, 618 F.3d 1199 , (10th Cir. ) 2010-09-14, #527111693523642672
  • In re Featherston, Case No. 07-60296 , (Bankr.D.Mont. ) 2007-09-28, #
  • In re Graves, 609 F.3d 1153 , (10th Cir. ) 2010-06-29, #12649558079816388527
  • In re Risher, 344 BR 833 , (Bankr.W.D.Ky ) 2006-07-12, #5125688705891922177
  • In re Sanchez, 2006 WL 2038616 , (Bankr.W.D.Mo. ) 2006-07-13, #4463196841896265883
  • In re Shelor, No. 08-80738C-13D , (Bankr. M.D.N.C. ) 2008-09-23, #262017664186677205
  • In re Wayman, 351 B.R. 808 , (Bankr.E.D.Tex. ) 2005-06-28, #10676123055819019334
  • In re Zahn, 391 B.R.840 , (8th Cir. BAP ) 2008-08-14, #16622334845024469744
  • Simon v. Zittel (In re Zittel), 2008 WL 750346 , (Bankr. S.D. Ill. ) 2008-03-19, #6109036990748185140

FAQ/Help:

How to use case law (it can be tricky)

If you're not familiar with what "case law" is, and how to use it, check out Chapter 7 of Nolo's LegalResearch: How to Find and Understand the Law for a guide to how to read through a case to get the parts that matter.

Also, you need to be familiar with the concept of "jurisdiction." Here are some helpful links:

When you read a case, check to make sure that the case's decision applies to your local district. Do this by looking at which court has decided the case -- either the U.S. Supreme Court, a court of appeal (listed here in large type), or a district court (listed in small type).  Your local district court judge is not bound to follow the opinion of judges from other district courts, but often they look to these cases for advice. Your local district, however, is bound  to follow decisions in cases from it governing circuit court. You'll see fairly few Supreme Court case here, but those cases are also binding on all districts."

Are these all the bankruptcy cases there are?

NO! NO! NO! This is a start for your research. New cases are constantly being decided. I update this when I have time. This is only a fraction of the actual published opinions out there. Dozens of cases are handed down nationwide every week. I catalog interesting ones when I have time. They are meant to serve as a starting point for your research -- NOT as a comprehensive listing of the current state of the law.

 

DISCLAIMER. By using this database you acknowledge and agree to the following:

This database does not contain every relevant case in every district on the topics covered; there are high priced services for that. This is free. It is offered to the public "as is" as an adjunct to the Nolo books, How to File Chapter 7 Bankruptcy, and Chapter 13 Bankruptcy: Keep Your Property and Repay Your Debts Over Time (10th Edition, 2010): which I co-author with attorney Stephen Elias.

This database is updated as time permits. Do not assume that it has the latest case in your district. We are still filling holes in the database -- and will always be. Use it as a place to start your reasearch, rather than the final answer to your question.

Some of these issues involve the discretion of the judge which can vary from judge to judge. So, even if you find a case just like yours where a judge went your way, as they say in the car biz, "your mileage may vary..."

If you're not familiar with what "case law" is, and how to use it, check out Chapter 7 of Nolo's LegalResearch: How to Find and Understand the Law for a guide to how to read through a case to get the parts that matter.

For more help, click the "?" tab.