Am I Eligible for Unemployment Benefits in Montana?

 

To qualify for unemployment benefits in Montana, you must meet a minimum earnings requirement and you must be unemployed through no fault of your own.

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To qualify for unemployment benefits in Montana, you must meet two basic requirements:

  • you must have earned at least a minimum amount (and/or worked a certain amount of time) before you lost your job, and
  • you must be out of work through no fault of your own.

If you meet these two qualifications when you apply, you will likely be eligible to receive unemployment benefits. (To keep receiving benefits after you are found eligible, you will also have to meet your state’s job search requirements; to learn more, see What Do I Have to Do to Keep Receiving Unemployment Benefits in Montana?)

Gig workers, freelancers, and contractors are no longer eligible for benefits. In response to the COVID-19 public health emergency, Congress greatly expanded eligibility for unemployment. Among other things, these programs provided benefits to gig workers and other contract workers who are not eligible for traditional unemployment benefits. However, these programs expired in every state on September 6, 2021; about half the states cut off these benefits even earlier. 

Eligibility Requirement 1: Minimum Earnings

Unemployment benefits are available only to those who are temporarily out of work. If you apply after being out of the workforce for years, for example, you won’t qualify for benefits. You must have been employed relatively recently, and earned at least a minimum amount, to be eligible.

States look at an applicant’s work history during a stretch of time called the “base period.”

In Montana, the base period is the first four of the five complete calendar quarters immediately before you filed for benefits. For example, if you file for benefits on March 15, 2022, your base period will be from October 1, 2020 through September 30, 2021. It would not include the most recent complete calendar quarter before you filed (October 1, 2021 through December 31, 2021) or the first two-and-a-half months of 2022.

Some states require only that you earn a minimum amount of money during the base period; other states require, either in addition or instead, that you have done some work in more than one quarter of the base period.

To qualify for benefits in Montana, you must meet one of these two earnings requirement tests:

  • your wages in the entire base period must be at least one-and-a-half times your wages in the highest paid quarter of the base period, and must be at least 7% of the state's average annual wage, or
  • your wages in the entire base period must be at least 50% of the state's average annual wage.

If you did not earn enough during the regular base period to qualify for benefits due to a temporary total disability, you may be entitled to an extended base period. In Montana, the extended base period is the earlier four of the last five completed calendar quarters before you became disabled, as long as you file your claim for benefits within 24 months of incurring your disability. 

If you did not earn enough to qualify for benefits during the regular base period, you may be able to use an alternate base period that counts more recent earnings. In Montana, the alternate base period is the last four complete calendar quarters before you file your claim. 

Eligibility Requirement 2: Reasons for Unemployment

To qualify for unemployment benefits, you must be out of work through no fault of your own. If you lose your job in a layoff, reduction-in-force (RIF), downsizing, or similar job action in which positions are cut for financial or strategic reasons, you will be eligible for benefits.

However, you don’t have to be laid off to collect unemployment. You may still be eligible even if you quit your job or you were fired, depending on the circumstances.

If You Quit Your Job

You will not be eligible for benefits in Montana if you quit your job without good cause relating to the employment. However, you will not be disqualified if:

  • you quit because of a serious illness or injury
  • you quit because you were ordered to military duty, or
  • you quit because your spouse was subject to a mandatory military transfer.

You will still be eligible for benefits if you had to quit your job due to domestic violence, sexual assault, or stalking against you or your child (although your benefits might be limited in duration). 

In some states, you will be disqualified from receiving benefits for a certain number of weeks. In other states, you may be disqualified until you get another job and earn a minimum amount (typically, this amount is less than you would have to earn to qualify for benefits in the first place). Check the Claimant Handbook: A Guide to Unemployment Insurance Benefits for more information about disqualification based on why you quit your job. 

If You Were Fired

You will be disqualified from receiving benefits in Montana if you were discharged for misconduct connected with your work or affecting your employment. 

You may be disqualified either for a set number of weeks or until you get another job and earn a minimum amount, depending on state law. In some states, the length of the disqualification period depends on why you were fired. You can learn more about disqualification based on the reason you were fired in the Claimant Handbook: A Guide to Unemployment Insurance Benefits

If You Are Still Employed

If you are still working but need time off for reasons relating to COVID-19 or other health issues, you may be eligible for paid sick leave under your state's law. See Am I Entitled to Paid Sick Leave, Family Leave, or Vacation Time in Montana to learn more. 


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Jurisdictional relevance: ST

There are versions of this article for each State.