In order to collect unemployment, you must meet two basic requirements. First, you must have earned at least a minimum amount, set by state law, in the time before you lost your job. Second, you must be out of work through no fault of your own. (For more information on each of these requirements, see Who is Eligible for Unemployment Benefits in Washington D.C.?)
If you lose your job in a layoff, reduction-in-force (RIF), or downsizing, you will be eligible for unemployment insurance benefits. But what if you are fired? And, what if you are wrongfully terminated -- that is, fired for illegal reasons?
If You Were Fired
In some situations, you may still qualify for unemployment benefits in Washington D.C. even if you are fired from your job. For example, if you were fired because you were just a poor fit, you may still be eligible for benefits.
You will be disqualified from receiving benefits if you were fired for gross misconduct, such as theft, arson, intoxication, dishonesty, or repeated absences after being warned. You will be disqualified for a shorter period if you are fired for misconduct that breaches your employment contract or your duties or obligations to the employer, or that adversely affects your employer's interests. This includes violations of work rules, but only if you knew of the rule, it was reasonable, and the employer consistently enforced the rule.
You may be disqualified either for a set number of weeks or until you get another job and earn a minimum amount, depending on state law. In some states, the length of the disqualification period depends on why you were fired. You can learn more about how disqualification works in Washington D.C. in the District of Columbia Unemployment Insurance: Claimant's Rights and Responsibilities.
If You Were Wrongfully Terminated
Sometimes employers fire employees for reasons that are illegal, such as an employee’s refusal to submit to sexual harassment or reporting unsafe working conditions to a government agency. If you were fired for protected reasons like these, you may have been wrongfully terminated.
The definition of “wrongful termination” varies from state to state. If you believe your employer fired you without a good reason or for an illegal reason, you may be eligible for unemployment insurance benefits in Washington D.C.. In this situation, you may want to speak to an employment lawyer, not only to find out whether you can collect unemployment, but also to learn about your other legal rights. For example, if you were wrongfully terminated, you may be entitled to reinstatement, money damages, and more. See Do I Need a Lawyer to Get Unemployment Benefits in Washington D.C.? to learn more; if you decide to talk to a lawyer, see How Can I Find an Unemployment Lawyer in Washington D.C.?
If you believe you were fired because you complained about your employer's violation of wage and hour laws (like the laws entitling employees to overtime, the minimum wage, tips, breaks, and so on), visit our site on minimum wage and overtime law, which includes information on your rights to fair pay and how to find a lawyer if you think your employer owes you wages.
If you were denied unemployment benefits and you believe you were wrongfully terminated, you may want to appeal the decision. See Can I Appeal a Denial of Unemployment Benefits in Washington D.C.? for information on filing an appeal.